Lecture Outline (7)
Psychology 137 - 2004

Professor Marelich


XI.     Social Power
        A.      Social Power as a Social Exchange Process
                - if we exist in an exchange oriented society,
                then power can rest with those who have goods to
                exchange

                1. Power Basis
                   - things that must be in place for power plays
                        a. control over access to resources
                        b. other person must value the resources
                        c. other person has few alternatives to get
                          resources

				-Law of Personal Exploitation
 				-Principle of Least Interest
 
               2. Types of Resources
				-French & Raven
				-Foa & Foa
                3. Process of Power -- how is power expressed
                        a. power styles and gender
                            1. women use personal power style (appeals
                            to affect or sexuality) and manipulation
                            (appeals to helplessness).  Also, women
                            have more of an indirect approach in
                            expressing power (hinting, being nice)

                            2. men use coercive or authority style
                            (expertise or informational).  Also, men
                            use a more direct style (asking, telling)

XII.	Relationship Conflict/Dissolution  
        A.      Attribution processes -- what attributions do happy
                couples make vs. unhappy?

	B.	Rusbult (1992) and Responses to Dissatisfaction in
                Relationships
                1.  Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect typology 
                (has both destructive, constructive,
                active, and passive responses)
		2.  This works well with her Investment Model

        C.      Gottman Work (1994) -- Why Marriages Succeed or Fail
                1.  What makes marriages work?  Key -- must have at
                least 5 times as many positive than negative moments
                together. Suggestive that there is a 'marital ecology'
                at work.  In other words, there is a marital 
                eco-system that needs to be met, with positive and
                negative issues in the mix.

                2.  4 Warning signs in a marriage
                    a.  criticism
                    b.  contempt
                    c.  defensiveness
                    d.  stonewalling

                3.  Clues to success and failure
                    - how couple rewrites their history...how they
                    retell their personal stories.  Failure prone
                    couples will put a negative spin on past events.
                    This has great predictive value

        D.      Gottman's 'Keys' to improving Marriage
                -very communication oriented -- key is what to do 
                 during an argument

                1. Calm down
                2. Speak nondefensively
                3. Validate
                4. Overlearning (doing 1, 2, 3 over again)