Study Questions:
Review these before the Final Exam.
Review first half of
course as well, as the final is cumulative.
(See syllabus).
- What
is “grading on the curve?”
- Suppose
a test has a mean of 60, standard deviation of 10, normally distributed
with Xmax = 90 and Xmin = 10. What percentage
of each grade would be given by “grading on the curve?” where each test score is divided by Xmax and grades are assigned such that Xi/Xmax >> .9, .8, .7, .6 cutoffs for A+, A, B, C, D.?
Suppose a person uses real grading on the curve and with Normal curve with z >
2, 1, 0, -1, -2 cutoffs for A+, A, B, C, D.
- Formulae
for (a) standard score of Yi, (b) for correlation coefficient between X and Y.
- If
Jack needs to score above the 84th percentile on the SAT-Q,
what score does he need if mean is 500 and standard deviation is 100?
- Calculate the correlation between X and Y, given the data below. Hint: First find the means, variances, and standard deviations of X and Y. Then find the z-scores of Xi and Yi.
Case
|
Xi
|
Yi
|
1
|
5
|
5
|
2
|
1
|
7
|
3
|
5
|
5
|
4
|
3
|
9
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
6
|
9
|
3
|
7
|
7
|
1
|
8
|
5
|
5
|
9
|
5
|
5
|
10
|
5
|
5
|
- Write
formulae for: (a) correlation coefficient, (b) regression-prediction
equation, predicting Y from X. (c) variance of residuals from prediction.
- What
are the two different meanings of “regression to the mean” according to
(a) Galton’s original definition and (b)
Pearson’s definition.
- If X-bar = Y-bar = 100, sX = sY and if rXY = 0.5, predict Yi-hat if Xi = 130.
- What are
the empirical IQ correlations between: (a) father-daughter, (b)
father-son, (c) father-mother
- If
mother’s IQ is 70, predict the father’s IQ. What is the mean IQ? What is the standard deviation of IQs of
husband’s IQ, given wife’s IQ = 70.
- George
is 10 years old and scores on the IQ test at the level of the average 11.5
year-old. What is his IQ? What percentage of 10-year olds are more
than 3 years behind? What
percentage are 1.5 years or more behind. What percentage are more than 3
years ahead?
- Suppose
the correlation between gender and spatial IQ is .10. What do you conclude from this?
- What
are the empirical correlations in IQ between: (a) parent-child, (b)
grandparent-grandchild, (c) husband-wife, (d) sister-sister.
- Fill
in the following matrix for (a) heredity theory (h = 1), (b) environment
theory (h = 0), and (c) empirical results:
|
Together
|
apart
|
unrelated
|
|
|
sibs
|
|
|
DZ twins
|
|
|
MS twins
|
|
|
- Which
theory is closer to the data?
- What
is the estimated value of h?
- What
would the variance of IQ be if everyone had the same heredity?
- What
is the reliability of the Stanford-Binet IQ
test? How is it measured?
- What
is the validity of the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
How is it measured?
- Define
test bias. Cite evidence of bias,
if any.
- Heredity-Enviornment debate.
Is one position “politically correct”?
- Define:
All-or-none law. Membrane
potential, Mueller’s law of specific nerve energies.
- What
are the major physiological techniques, and what are their limitations?
- Split
Brain patient: put a fork in the right hand and spoon in the left hand.
Both are under a curtain. What does
the person say to (a) What is in your left hand?
(b) what is in your right hand?
- Split-brain
patient focuses on the +, flash the screen: Brain + Waves
What does the person say he or she
saw? What does the person point to with the right hand? What does the person
point to with the left hand?
- Blind Spot: Why do the + and o have to be reversed to
find the blind spot in the left and right eye.
RE fixates on + and the o disappears.
Why is the distance between o and + proportional to the distance from the
eye to the page?
- What
are the “neutral colors?”
- What
is color constancy?
- What
is the Gelb illusion?
- How
does a TV show a black color?
- What
is Wallach’s theory of colors, and how does it
explain color constancy, Gelb illusion, TV colors, color
of the moon at night and in the day?
- What
is Wallach’s theory of (neutral) color
perception?
- According
to Wallach, when will color constancy hold?
- According
to Wallach, when will color constancy fail?
- How
does Wallach’s theory explain the Gelb illusion?
- What
is the moon illusion? What is Ptolemy’s theory of the moon illusion?
- What
is “size constancy” and how does it work?
- What
is the Mueller-Lyer illusion? How does it work?
- What
is the Ames
room illusion, and how does it work?
- What
are the cues to subjective depth or distance?
- How
does stereo vision work?
- What
were the results of Milgram study? What were the
conclusions?
- What
did Asch’s conformity study show?
- What
was Zimbardo’s “prison study” and what did it
show?