Hamamura, T., & Mearns, J. (2019). Depression and somatic symptoms in Japanese and American college students:

This study clarified contradictory findings regarding whether depression and somatic symptoms are associated more strongly with each other in non-Western countries than in Western countries, by examining the relationships of the two variables with negative mood regulation expectancies among Japanese and American college students. There was no cultural difference in the relationship between depression and somatic symptoms, and the relationships of depression and somatic symptoms with NMRE did not differ between cultures.

DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12467