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This chapter summarizes recent work on the categorization and effectiveness of different mood regulation strategies and how deficits in mood regulation appear to be associated with suicidal behavior (including suicidal ideation, parasuicide, and completed suicide). For example, dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality sisorder, which includes specific treatment components targeting mood regulation, reduces suicidal behavior. A model for future research is developed that describes how temperament and early childhood environment might determine enduring individual differences in mood regulation which later influence suicidal behavior.